i'm only a dabbler in Kafka. his longer works i find tedious, but i made it through some of his short stories including this one, which i found passable, and a volume of Diaries, which i very much enjoyed.
In Middle German, Ungeziefer literally means "unclean animal not suitable for sacrifice" and is sometimes used colloquially to mean "bug" ...and there's more on the Wikipedia page for Metamorphosis, under the Translation section.
and there are even more ways to translate the story's meaning, as mentioned: verminous transformation could symbolize isolation, but to leave it at that is dangerously reductive! if Kafka is still relevant it's because his theme has more depth than the "oh no, modern society, alienation, woe unto me" line that was already overplayed by 1915. here are a couple of quotes i happened to save, which iirc are from somewhere in the Diaries:
"Hatred of active introspection. Explanations of one's soul, such as: Yesterday I was so, and for this reason; today I am so, and for this reason. It is not true, not for this reason and not for that reason, and therefore also not so and so. To put up with oneself calmly, without being precipitate, to live as one must, not to chase one's tail like a dog."
and, "Beyond a certain point there is no return. This point has to be reached."
playing roach's advocate, suppose we imagine these to be the narrator's thoughts, which brought about his transformation? it lends a certain poignancy, and makes for a happier ending, if the wings he had all along were death to the cleanly and sterile world of his family, which didn't sound much more enticing than a bug's life... someone said there is no solid evidence for this, and of course there is not, but with some authors, it's best to destroy all the solid evidence you can find, as you would a, hmm, bug?
btw if anyone wants more wonderfully disconcerting short stories of the eerie and alien, i recommend a collection called The Street of Crocodiles, by Bruno Schulz (trans by Wieniewska is best)
man it's been a while since i was part of any kind of a literary debate, feels good.